Betamethasone does not have a clinically significant mineralocorticoid effect. Glucocorticosteroids diffuse through cell membranes and form complexes with specific cytoplasmic receptors. These complexes then enter the cell nucleus, bind to DNA (chromatin) and stimulate the transcription of messenger RNA and the subsequent protein synthesis of various enzymes. The latter will ultimately be responsible for the effects observed with the systematic use of glucocorticoids. In addition to their significant effects on inflammatory and immune processes, glucocorticoids also affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. They also have effects on the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscles and the central nervous system.