Acute promyelocytic leukemia for the purpose of induction of remission (APML; FAB-AML-M3 classification). Ka-Atra can be prescribed to patients who have not previously received treatment, patients who have relapsed after standard chemotherapy (anthracyclines and cytosine arabinoside or their analogues) or who are refractory to any chemotherapy. The combined use of chemotherapy and all-trans retinoic acid increases survival, reduces the risk of relapse compared with chemotherapy alone. Maintenance therapy is currently being studied, however, loss of response to all-trans retinoic acid treatment has been reported in patients who received maintenance treatment with all-trans retinoic acid as monotherapy.